Readers of the New Testament have long observed that Luke and Acts contain numerous scenes in which characters praise God. This study offers the first comprehensive analysis of this important narrative motif. Featuring a close reading of Luke-Acts, it draws insights from ancient Jewish and Greco-Roman views about praise of deity, and it compares praise in Luke with praise in two other ancient narratives: Tobit and Joseph and Aseneth. Attention to praise of God sheds light on Luke as historiographer (...) and on his treatment of revelation, healing, conversion, and eschatology. (shrink)

In their Out of Work: Government and Unemployment in Twentieth Century America, Richard Vedder and Lowell Gallaway contend that government intervention in American labor markets has caused unemployment by raising the real price of labor. In my critique of the book, I allowed that while this might sometimes be the case, it is not as important as Vedder and Gallaway claim. Their Reply does not succeed in vindicating their argument, because their wage averages fail to take into account variations in (...) wages within phases of the business cycle; because they fail to take into account the effects of unemployment on potential productivity, distorting their measures of real wages; and because they ignore the vast literature on the subject. (shrink)

Vedder and Gallaway are mistaken in their attempted demonstration that government policies to raise real wages have been the source of most or all U.S. unemployment in the twentieth century. Their case depends on a presumed correlation between high unemployment and high real wages that has not existed since World War II, and on a naive confusion between correlation and causation: just because real wages and unemployment were both relatively high during the Great Depression does not mean that high real (...) wages were the cause of high unemployment. More likely, the reverse is true. The ascription of high unemployment to higher‐than‐equilibrium real wages is not always in error. But there is no reason whatsoever to believe Vedder and Gall‐away's claim that the government's policies to raise wages have been “the major cause of high unemployment in the United States.”. (shrink)

The emergence of new platforms for public communication, public deliberation, and public action presents new possibilities for forming, organizing, and mobilizing public bodies, which invite philosophical reflection concerning the standards we currently look to for coordinating public movements and for evaluating their effects. Developing a broad understanding of public philosophy, this article begins with the view of philosophy and intellectual freedom articulated in Kant's publicly oriented writings. We then focus on the power of philosophical discourse to form and further articulate (...) public bodies. Drawing on Dewey's work, we discuss the role of philosophical discourse in the articulation of publics into self-regulated, sovereign entities. We conclude with an account of how publishing itself might come to play an important role in the practice of public philosophy in a digital age. (shrink)

Alexander is arguing that our responsibility for what we do () is grounded in the fact that a man is the of his own actions. The opponents of this view, he says, hold that nothing performed by a man is such that at the time when he does something he also has the possibility of not doing it,. One who believes this, he argues, cannot make any moral judgements or do any of the things ‘which ought reasonably to be brought (...) about by those who have believed the possibility also of doing each of the things which they do’. My translation has, I hope, shown the need for a negative in the last clause: ‘the possibility also of not doing’ is the point needed; so insert between and. For omission of the negative elsewhere in De fato cf. 165. 1; 179. 21; 189. 6; 195. 26; 202. 12; 207. 19; 211. 18. (shrink)

I answer Alvin Plantinga's challenge to provide a ‘proper’ de jure objection to religious belief. What I call the ‘sophisticates’ evidential objection' concludes that sophisticated Christians lack epistemic justification for believing central Christian propositions. The SEO utilizes a theory of epistemic justification in the spirit of the evidentialism of Richard Feldman and Earl Conee. I defend philosophical interest in the SEO against objections from Reformed epistemology, by addressing Plantinga's criteria for a proper de jure objection, his anti-evidentialist arguments, and the (...) relevance of ‘impulsional evidence’. I argue that no result from Plantinga-style Reformed epistemology precludes the reasons I offer in favour of giving the SEO its due philosophical attention. (shrink)

The paper discusses Seneca’s phrase ‘human rights’ (ius humanum) in On Benefits 3 and relates the passage to recent debates about human rights in Stoicism and ancient philosophy. I argue that the Latin phrase refers either to rights or to a law conferring rights. The difference between the passage and a common expectation for human rights lies in the kind of relation between right and duty. In Seneca’s passage the right does not in itself have a correlative duty on the (...) part of other people, and yet it does, if exercised through benefactions, create a duty in others. By contrast, the relation between right and duty is usually expected to be unconditional. (shrink)

Núñez and colleagues (2019) question whether cognitive science still exists “as a coherent academic field with a well‐defined and cohesive interdisciplinary research program.” This worry may be premature on two grounds. First, we are not convinced that the Lakatosian criterion of coalescence around a core framework is the best standard for judging whether a field is well‐defined and productive. Second, although we acknowledge that cognitive science is not as visible as we would like, we doubt that this low profile accurately (...) reflects the state of actual research and teaching programs based on the cognitive science approach. (shrink)

阴阳家出现在春秋战国时期,以阴阳五行学说作为立派基础,并将天象、地物和人事统一起来,形成了“天人合一”的最高哲学。我国古代的科学技术,如天文学、气象学、化学、算学、音乐和医学等,都是在阴阳五行学说的影 响下发展起来的.

Resumo: A dança clássica chinesa, influenciada pelo pensamento confucionista, mostra tanto seu valor estético quanto sua profunda herança cultural. Este artigo explora, principalmente, como o pensamento confucionista se reflete nas técnicas de desempenho e nas práticas culturais da dança clássica chinesa. O texto também propõe a “beleza” e a “virtude” nos “ritos e música” do confucionismo e os combina com a performance da dança clássica chinesa. Além disso, examina como os ideais confucionistas de “beleza” e “virtude” em “ritos e música” (...) são incorporados nas apresentações de dança clássica chinesa, no ensino e na disseminação, na criação de obras e no espírito cultural. Entre eles, o confucionismo enfatiza o conceito moral de “orientação para as pessoas”, que é integrado à criação e ao desempenho da dança clássica chinesa, aprimorando a conotação espiritual do desempenho da dança clássica chinesa. Este artigo constatou que, durante o longo processo de desenvolvimento da dança clássica chinesa, um conjunto de excelentes padrões artísticos foi gradualmente desenvolvido, o que desempenha um papel decisivo no surgimento e desenvolvimento da dança clássica chinesa. O texto revela que o confucionismo contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de altos padrões artísticos na dança clássica chinesa, o que é crucial para sua evolução e importância. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Efficacious Grace and Free Will:Taking Aquinas at His WordSteven A. LongProfessor Steven Jensen, in his Nova et Vetera article "Efficacious Grace and Free Will: Six Inadequate Arguments," identifies arguments that he argues to be insufficient to show the compatibility of efficacious grace with free will.1 With respect to his analysis, I wish here to address only four conspicuous points: (1) whether in the discussion of efficacious grace "everyone" agrees (...) that the will is not determined by efficacious grace; (2) whether the fact that non-rational creatures are also contingent agents makes the specific contingency of choice that flows from the relation of the finite objects of the will to the intellectually specified formal object of the will (universal good) to be insufficient to constitute the nature of rational free choice; (3) whether Thomas's texts regarding the infallibility of divine premotion are "equivocal"; (4) whether the arguments being considered are properly identified principally as those of Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, Taylor O'Neill, and Steven Long or are not better first identified in historico-doctrinal terms as the teaching of Aquinas, and second, of several centuries of renowned theologians and philosophers prior in time and in dignity to the aforementioned authors—so that principally identifying these arguments with them, is rather like crediting them with the real distinction of essence and existence?2 [End Page 1105]I. "Everyone" Agrees That the Will Is Not Determined by Efficacious Grace?As to the nature of Thomas's teaching—or even of the account identified historically by the Holy See as "Thomist" with respect to the Congregatio de Auxiliis and held since by a very great many Thomistic authors—Prof. Jensen seems somewhat to miscast the nature of the propositions under consideration.3 He argues on 119 that, "In any case, everyone involved seems to be in agreement that the will should not be determined by efficacious grace." But this is not the case. What there is agreement about is that the will is not determined by efficacious grace in such a way that it is not also and simultaneously freely determined by the will itself. Manifestly this is a contradiction in terms if we define freedom as including a liberty of indetermination with respect to divine providential causality. But Thomas does not do this, and there is no good reason why one should.4 Thus Thomas in De malo, q. 3, a. 2, ad 4: [End Page 1106]Now it is manifest that when something moves something else, it is not from the fact that it is moving said to be the first mover; wherefore it is not excluded that it be moved by another, from which likewise it has this very thing, that it moves. In the same way, when something moves itself, it is not excluded from being moved by another, from which it has this very thing that it moves itself: and thus it is not inconsistent with freedom that God is the cause of the act of free will.5 [End Page 1107]In the Oesterle translation of De malo—a wonderful translation—nonetheless this passage is erroneously rendered (betimes even Homer nods) as "hence it is not precluded that it is moved by another and from that other has the very ability to move."6 But the passage refers to God as cause of the very act of free will, not merely of the "ability": "et sic non repugnat libertati quod Deus est causa actus liberi arbitrii." When something moves itself, this does not imply that the thing is not moved by another "from which it has this very thing that it moves itself." And "thus it is not inconsistent with freedom that God is the cause of the act of free will." That is, God causes the free self-determination of the human will (even at the level of nature, prior to the consideration of grace), by moving the will from potency to act with respect to its own self-motion. Whether at the level of nature or at the level of grace, God moves the will with respect to its own self-determination in freedom, and this motion is not "indeterminate... (shrink)

The existence of the German cultural community was guaranteed by the articles 3ter and 59ter of the Constitution and its organisation was institutionalized by the Law of July 10th, 1973. In 1980 the notion «German cultural community» in art. 3ter of the Constitution was replaced by the notion «German-speaking community».The reform of the statute of the German-speaking community has to be executed within the following limits : 1° an executive power that is accountable to the council can only be granted (...) after revision of art. 59ter of the Constitution; 2° there seems no harm in granting power to modify laws and to legislate with exclusion of the national legislator to the council, as long as the exercise of this power is submitted to, judicial review ; 3° the enlargement of the council's competence to the «personalized matters» does not require the revision of art. 59ter. The enlargement of the council's competence to some «regional affairs» is possible without revision of the Constitution, as long as the council does not receive the same competence as the Flemish, Wallon and Brussels region; 4° it is possible to grant the German-speaking community theyield of a part of some taxes. (shrink)

La thèse défendue dans cet article est que le gouvernement chinois, chapeauté par un Parti qui se revendique encore du communisme, se sert du capitalisme, en le contrôlant strictement, afin d’accélérer le développement, mais sans dévier d’un objectif prioritaire : la construction d’une société socialiste ; et il s’appuie sur le Marx qui pensait que le communisme supposait un haut développement des forces productives. En France, cette thèse est minoritaire, et combattue ; peut-être, paradoxalement, parce que des similitudes existent entre (...) les deux pays. Cependant, les malentendus entre eux sont aussi nombreux (1 re partie). Cela pourrait tenir notamment aux différences de modes de pensée de ces deux peuples, en particulier vis-à-vis des contradictions et des mouvements de la dialectique (2 e partie), comme aussi en matière de mobilisation de la morale par le discours politique (3 e partie). Pour finir, les auteurs analysent les effets de cette comparaison sur l’interprétation du « socialisme aux couleurs chinoises » (4 e partie). Classification JEL : B24, H59, N45, O53, O57, P20, P52. (shrink)

De Long's criticisms of our explanation of unemployment patterns in the United States are empirically false. His assertion that we have the direction of causation reversed collapses in light of the lag between artificially high wages and unemployment. Nor are his claims about the nature of cyclical movements in productivity and real wages consistent with the data. Finally, his contention that the model we present does not work in the post‐World War II era is, at best, misleading. The evidence (...) shows with remarkable consistency that government attempts to prop up wages have caused twentieth‐century increases in U.S. employment. (shrink)

O artigo retoma a presença de Diotima, inserida no contexto do Banquete de Platão, por meio do discurso rememorativo de Sócrates, dos ensinamentos recebidos da mulher de Mantineia, quando era ainda muito jovem. O jogo cênico de um discurso masculino que faz alusão aos ecos de fala de uma figura feminina, cujo conteúdo resguarda valores masculinos, me instiga a pensar o estatuto do feminino e do masculino, sob a perspectiva da relação entre o parto no corpo e o parto na (...) alma. Ao longo da análise, pretendo cotejar algumas representações da natureza feminina nos diálogos platônicos, observando o tratamento diferenciado como Platão pensa a questão do feminino, sob perspectivas variadas, como a tese da natureza similar de mulheres e homens, e a polêmica comunidade de mulheres e crianças, contidas, respectivamente, na primeira e na segunda ondas em República V; ou a tese da diferença de gêneros do Timeu. O viés interpretativo consiste em revisitar o contexto da considerada “questão de gênero” em Platão, a partir das metáforas do parto e da maternidade. Palavras-chave: Parto; Maternidade; Masculino, Feminino; Imortalidade. The feminine and masculine in Diotima's metaphor of childbirth Abstract: This article revisits the presence of Diotima within the context of Plato’s Symposium through Socrates’ recollective discourse on the teachings he received from the woman of Mantineia when he was still very young. The theatrical interplay of a masculine discourse that alludes to the echoes of a female figure’s speech, whose content embodies masculine values, prompts me to consider the status of the feminine and the masculine from the perspective of the relationship between physical childbirth and spiritual childbirth. Throughout the analysis, I intend to compare some representations of feminine nature in the Platonic dialogues, noting the differential treatment in how Plato addresses the question of the feminine from various perspectives. This includes the thesis of the similar nature of women and men and the controversial community of women and children, contained respectively in the first and second waves in Republic V; or the thesis of gender differences in the Timaeus. The interpretative approach consists of revisiting the context of the so-called “gender question” in Plato through the metaphors of childbirth and motherhood. Keywords: Birth; Motherhood; Masculine; Feminine; Immortality. Le féminin et le masculin dans la métaphore de l'accouchement de Diotime Résumé: L'article reprend la présence de Diotime, insérée dans le contexte du Banquet de Platon, à travers le discours remémoratif de Socrate, des enseignements reçus de la femme de Mantinée, quand elle était encore très jeune. Le jeu scénique d’un discours masculin qui fait allusion aux échos des paroles d’une figure féminine, dont le contenu préserve les valeurs masculines, m'incite à réfléchir sur le statut du féminin et du masculin, sous l'angle du rapport entre l'accouchement dans le corps et l'accouchement dans l'âme. Tout au long de l'analyse, j'entends comparer certaines représentations de la nature féminine dans les dialogues platoniciens, en observant le traitement différencié dans lequel Platon réfléchit à la question du féminin, à partir de différentes perspectives, comme la thèse de la nature similaire des femmes et des hommes et la controversée communauté des femmes et des enfants, contenues respectivement dans la première et la deuxième vagues de la République V ; ou la thèse de la différence entre les genres du Timée. Le biais interprétatif consiste à revisiter le contexte de ce qui est considéré comme la « question du genre » chez Platon, à partir des métaphores de l’accouchement et de la maternité. Mots-clés: Accouchement; Maternité; Masculin; Féminin; Immortalité. Data de registro: 02/08/2024 Data de aceite: 25/09/2024. (shrink)

Philosophy is the making of theories, badly or occasionally better, with sets of concepts.It resembles fiction, poetry and literature and theology in certain ways in so far as the author uses his imagination and intuition to produce a set of ideas that may or may not attempt to refer to and/or represent or reflect and create a certain reality or life-world.It differs from fiction and is relatively unique in so far as it employs reasoning, argumentation and other philosophical tools.It seems (...) as if philosophy is self-incestuous, conceptual games with and about concepts using propositions, reasoning and argumentation to make assertions about other concepts, and thereby produce insular, enclosed, self-referential, circular systems of ideas. (shrink)

Tout au long des Essais, Montaigne analyse les manières de cultiver et de soigner le corps. Cette attention portée au corps s’oppose aussi bien à une position chrétienne qui méprise le corps et cherche à le mortifier, qu’à une position stoïcienne qui dédaigne le corps. Il faut au contraire pour Montaigne éduquer le corps, l’exercer et l’endurcir. Ce soin du corps est d’autant plus essentiel qu’il permet également de développer l’esprit : il est important de renouer constamment la relation (...) de l’esprit au corps. Enfin, prendre soin du corps c’est aussi savoir s’occuper d’un corps malade, en se fondant sur l’expérience et non sur le dogmatisme des médecins. (shrink)

The article focuses on the study of workplace learning for hospital’s staff to become mortuary care agents. It is based on the analysis of verbalizations obtained from self-confrontations interviews made with the mortuary care trainees. These interviews are extracted from video recordings taken while trainees carry out their normal task. The goal is to identify, within the context of the interaction between trainees and tutors, signs of learning progress in the trainees’ verbalizations, which could be linked to existing hospital standards. (...) As demonstrated by the activity clinic methodology, these verbalizations are not just a simple depiction of the work activity as it happened but serve as an experiment to underline the learning benefits for the trainees. Beyond the benefits of better understanding the trainees work tasks, the resulting analyses indeed support the formative aspect of self-confrontation interviews. In this perspective, the article focuses on a methodological aspect, the data analysis to account for signs of learning such as verbalized and recognized by the trainees in their interactions with tutors. On the occasion, we question the formative dimension of this methodological setting in the prospect of designing training devices for these professionals. (shrink)

Confúcio (551 aC - 479 aC) - foi um filósofo, professor e estadista bem conhecido, bastante influente durante os períodos de Primavera-Outono dos Estados Combatentes na China. Somados a esses atributos, destaca-se o fato de ele ter sido um pensador que transmitiu à humanidade numerosos conceitos perspicazes, dentre os quais a doutrina da "retificação de nomes" (正名 - zhèng míng). Esta doutrina, que tem caráter profundo, abrangente e metódico, procura resgatar a sociedade de um estado de caos para um estado (...) de ordem através da aplicação dos princípios da governabilidade benigna e através das virtudes. Nos tempos atuais, teríamos grandes ganhos humanos se conseguíssemos enxergar para além das suas falhas e encampar seus valores. Passado o tempo, nota-se que o pensamento de Confúcio sobre a rectificação de nomes ainda ostenta sua importância e serve como uma lição útil no avanço do desenvolvimento nacional das gentes. (shrink)

Working in the tradition of Gustave de Molinari (1819-1912), Benjamin Tucker (1854-1939), and Murray N. Rothbard (1926-1995), the Molinari Society is a philosophical society dedicated to promoting critical discussion and innovative research in radical libertarian theory.

Background: The concept of dignity is recognised as a fundamental right in many countries. It is embedded into law, human rights legislation and is often visible in organisations’ philosophy of care, particularly in aged care. Yet, many authors describe difficulties in defining dignity and how it can be preserved for people living in long term care. Objectives: In this article, Nordenfelt’s ‘four notions of dignity’ are considered, drawing on research literature addressing the different perspectives of those who receive, observe (...) or deliver care in the context of the long-term care environment. Methods: A review of the literature was undertaken using the terms ‘nursing homes’, ‘residential care’ or ‘long-term care’. The terms were combined and the term ‘human dignity’ was added. A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria from the United Kingdom (14), United States (2), Australia (1), Sweden (3), Hong Kong (2), Norway (3), Nordic (1), Taiwan (1), Netherlands (1). Ethical Considerations: Every effort has been made to ensure an unbiased search of the literature with the intention of an accurate interpretation of findings. Discussion: The four notions of dignity outlined by Nordenfelt provide a comprehensive description of the concept of dignity which can be linked to the experiences of people living in long-term care today and provide a useful means of contextualising the experiences of older people, their families and significant others and also of staff in long-term care facilities. Of particular interest are the similarities of perspectives of dignity between these groups. The preservation of dignity implies that dignity is a quality inherent in us all. This links directly to the exploration and conclusions drawn from the literature review. Conversely, promoting dignity implies that dignity is something that can be influenced by others and external factors. Hence, there are a number of implications for practice. Conclusion: We suggest that two of Nordenfelt’s notions, ‘dignity of identity’ and ‘dignity of Menschenwüde’, are a common thread for residents, family members and staff when conceptualising dignity within long-term care environments. (shrink)